chpater 28

Chapter 28 Section 3 Notes
A. Brown V. Board
1. The NAACP had long waged a campaign against segregation in education.
2. The NAACP had been able to open some all white universities and graduate schools to African American students by demonstrating that in most cases separate educational facilities for black students were far inferior of the facilities established for the whites only.
3. In 1952 a group of cases that challenged segregation in public schools came before the supreme court in the from of Brown V. The Board of Education of Topeka.
4. The case involved a young African American student from Topeka, Kansas. The schools in Topeka prevented her from attending all white school that was a short walk than the African American school that was a far distance.
5. Marshal introduced data that suggested segregation psychologically damaged African American students by lowering their self-esteem
6. Marshall’s arguments greatly influenced the ruling on May 17 1954.
7. Many Americans praised the decision as a long overdue step toward ending segregation entirely.
8. Some states moved quickly to end school segregation. Many south leaders did not. Virginia wanted to maintain segregation from the south. The supreme court had to tell the federal courts to speed it up
B. The Montgomery Bus Boycott
1. The NAACP next aimed at ending segregation on southern transportation systems
2. Rosa Parks moved to Montgomery area at a young age her mother was determined that parks would receive a good education.
3. Rosa parks was a seamstress, she also became involved with the civil rights movement.
4. MIA The Montgomery Improvement Association is a group of local civil rights leaders persuaded the community to continue the boycott while the NAACP and Parks fought her conviction in the courts
5. The MIA chose as its spokesperson Martin Luther King Jr. he was 26 and a minister who was new to the town, he was a good speaker. He inspired large audiences he helped in many boycotts he responded to violence with non violence he liked to call it peaceful protest.
6. The successful struggle of thousands of Montgomery blacks to win their basic human rights marked a blow to conformity.
C. Show Down In Little Rock
1. Despite the Supreme Court rulings, school desegregation in the south moved slowly. By the end of the 1956-1957 school year the vast majority of southern school systems remained segregated.
2. In 1954 in Arkansas the Little Rock school board was the first in the south to announce it would comply with the Brown decision
3. This happened in September 1957 but Governor Orval was against the desegregation plan.
4. For nearly three weeks the National Guard prevented the students now know as the little rock nine from entering the school. The court ordered for the removal of the National Guard.
5. In the midst of the Little Rock crisis Eisenhower signed the Civil Rights Act of 1957 this act the first civil rights law since reconstruction.
D. Rebels Amid Conformity
1. While African American community in the Southern was challenging segregation other groups were beginning to question the American culture.
2. Invisible man was a book and it was an African American man searches for his place in society at once both hostile and indifferent to him. His struggle reflects that on many propellant out of mainstream society
3. The Beats, a small but influential group of writers and poets challenged both the literary conventions of the day and life styles of the middle class.
E. Silent Generation
1. Despite e many parents fears the Beats never grew into mass movement among young people.
2. Silent generation because of their seeming willingness to conform to consumer culture without protest.
Misunderstood rebels
1. Many young people discounted with suburban life found meaning in literature and films.
Juvenile delinquency is associated with behavior
The Rock Rebellion
1. Many teenagers tried to escape the conformity of suburbia through a new type of music called rock and roll
2. Elvis Presley a truck driver Memphis emerged as rock’s leading talent with his good looks

Section 3 review questions

1. Brown V. Board of Education and the Montgomery bus boycott marked the first steps toward ending segregation in the south. Although it did not end it, it did place a very good stepping stone or foundation
2. The Central High crisis in Little Rock showed that some southern whites were not willing to comply with desegregation. Even the governor wanted the colors to be segregated
3. The argument was that it was separate but it wasn’t equal